2020).Īs carbohydrate metabolism and glycolysis are essential normal physiologic processes in all cells and tissues, we have examined the metabolic phenotype of whole body and tissue specific TIGAR knockout mice. Recently, it has been reported that TIGAR can both enhance the development of premalignances and suppress the metastasis of cancer invasion by the way of inhibition of ROS production ( Cheung, DeNicola et al. In cancer models, TIGAR plays a complex role on the formation and progression of different types of cancer via suppressing aerobic glycolysis and controlling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ( Tang, Chen et al. 2012) and in pressure overloaded hearts ( Okawa, Hoshino et al.
2021), whereas in the heart TIGAR deficiency protected myocardial infarction ( Hoshino, Matoba et al. For example, in the brain TIGAR expression was reported to protect against ischemic/reperfusion injury (Li, Li et al. In this regard, TIGAR has been reported to differentially modulate multiple different pathophysiologic outcomes. Thus, the biologic readout of TIGAR function is likely to be highly cell context dependent. In addition, the role of TIGAR in regulating carbohydrate metabolism is also complicated by the presence of the related phosphofructokinase bis-phosphatase (PFKBP) family that has both F6P 2-kinase as well as F2,6P bisphosphatase activities ( Mor, Cheung et al. However, the dephosphorylation of 2,3BPG to generate 3-phosphoglycerate would also be expected to increase glycolysis ( Bolanos 2014).
#Vchat stain Activator#
Due to its F2,6P dephosphorylation activity, TIGAR is generally considered as a suppressor of glycolysis as F2,6P is a potent allosteric activator for 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1), the rate-limiting step in glycolysis. TIGAR (Tp53-induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator) was originally identified as a p53-inducible protein that functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (F2,6P) but subsequently shown to have phosphatase activities for a variety of phosphorylated metabolic intermediates and allosteric regulators including 2,3-bisphospholgycerate (2,3BPG), 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoglycolate and phosphoenolpyruvate ( Bensaad, Tsuruta et al.
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